The transfer of space technology to innovations on Earth is more prevalent than we realize. NASA’s Spinoff publication has been documenting these technology transfers since 1976, showing how space exploitation impacts on various sectors of our society.
From Space to Earth
One example is the in-ear infrared thermometer. The technology, developed to record the temperature of stars, has been adapted to create a non-invasive method of measuring body temperature. The infrared sensor detects the heat emitted by the eardrum, providing fast and accurate readings without physical contact.
Another example is TEMPUR foam, initially created by NASA to improve seat cushioning and shock protection for airplane pilots and astronauts. This material, which adapts to the shape of the body and distributes weight evenly, is a type of “memory foam”, widely used in mattresses and pillows, which provides comfort to millions of people.
The European Space Agency’s MELiSSA (Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative) project aims to create a closed-loop life support system for long-duration space missions. This research has led to innovations in water recycling and air purification that are now being applied to terrestrial environmental challenges, with the contribution of ESA Space Solutions Portugal based at the Instituto Pedro Nunes in Coimbra.
From Earth to Space
While space has contributed significantly to terrestrial technologies, there are examples of “reverse” technology transfer. One of these is the use of 3D printing for space applications.
Developed for rapid prototyping and manufacturing on Earth, 3D printing technology is being explored for its potential in space. NASA and private companies are investigating ways of using this technique to produce spare parts, tools and even entire structures in space or on other planets.
This technology will be crucial in space exploration, reducing the need for expensive cargo shipments from Earth. Astronauts will be able to manufacture what they need at their destination, reducing the costs and pollution associated with launches. 3D printing could be the key to establishing habitats on the Moon or Mars, using local materials to build shelters and other infrastructure.
The two-way flow of technology between space and Earth continues to drive innovation in various sectors. Collaboration between space agencies, research institutions and private companies is promising, and underlines the importance of continued investment in science and technology.
Pedro Lacerda, ESA Technology Broker, Instituto Pedro Nunes
November 19, 2024
(image credit: Infrared Ear Thermometer — Photograph Number JPL-17459Ac, Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
